COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. In the US alone, it is the 3rd main cause of death. While over 11 million individuals are diagnosed with the disorder, another 24 million suffer silently before it begins to manifest. It is characterized by obstruction of flow of air to the lungs, and is manifested through cough, respiratory difficulties, wheezing and excessive production of sputum.
What Causes It?
People who smoke excessively are at prime risk of suffering from it. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, particulate matter or irritating gases increase the risk of the disease. Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and exposure to fumes or dust are some of the other causes. Risk of COPD is enhanced for asthmatic smokers, people in the 30 – 45 age bracket and various genetic factors like alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Is there any Treatment for COPD?
Many patients can live with the condition for a long time through pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy and medications as well as social support. A number of new supportive devices and drugs to be found in the market can improve the lives of COPD patients. These include:
- Bronchodilators – These are generally available as inhalers and relax muscles surrounding the airways, thus alleviating symptoms like respiratory shortness and coughing.
- Inhaled steroids – These are corticosteroid drugs which reduce swelling of airways and prevent worsening of symptoms.
- Combination inhalers – These are a combination of inhaled steroids and bronchodilators, and are usually formoterol, fluticasone or Salmeterol.
- Oral steroids – These are for individuals with acute or moderate aggravation, and should be used with care to prevent side effects.
- Antibiotics – The use of antibiotics can treat severe exacerbations of influenza, acute bronchitis, pneumonia and other respiratory infections that worsen COPD although they do not prevent the condition.
- Lung therapies – Oxygen therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program are two of the therapeutic procedures used for the treatment of acute or moderate COPD. Providing supplemental oxygen can improve quality of life. Counseling, exercise training and nutrition advice are part of the rehabilitation program that can meet various requirements of the lives of patients.
In standard medical treatment, there is no cure for the condition as yet. However, if diagnosed early, a lot can be done for the management and betterment of the disease. The aim of treatment is to keep the symptoms managed and allow patients to live as normally as possible.